Does GOD exist?

Does GOD really Exist

Does GOD really exist? an interesting and hypothetical question forever......  some people may ask show me, GOD, if GOD exists. Simple logic, if we go to the doctor by suffering from stomachache, the doctor will observe and tells us a solution. then we will follow him. but if you told him that I couldn't believe you, show me inside my stomach that what's happening, we may be fools.

So my intention is we can able to know the existence of  GOD by observing nature and perceiving our lifestyle. 

I perceived the existence of GOD by perceiving below things

1.My lifestyle

whenever I observed my lifestyle and my co-youngsters.  

I perceived that the lifestyle of all is the same but time may differ. borning, growing up, get educated, get income sources to live and get married, getting old.....one day we will expire.

My question is who told us all these things? some may think this is human evolution. But I found this sequence in the Bible. whatever the written in the bible the same pattern we are living. this is why I'm believing in GOD. 

2. Nature/Universe

 

whenever I observed nature I perceived that everything was made for the comfort of the human being.

But some people may say that Universe was created accidentally. I strongly believe that nothing was made accidentally being from an Engineering background. Can you believe that if your child was born accidentally? is it possible? Be practical, so much evidence we needed to believe the which was created accidentally. but every one can easily believe the steam engine was built by James Watt.

So many people perceived that Universe was created according to BigBang theory. The big bang theory has no evidence. If you are believing that you should so much imagination power. If you have such Imagination you won't be a normal person, you will be Genius Morethan Einstein.

For our convenience suppose if the universe was created accidentally, how were the human beings created? is it also like that? if it is like that how can a human being only got the wisdom to make things happen on the earth? why does the human being only superior to this earth? parting from animals. So I'm believing that trees, animals, water everything were made for the comfort of Human beings. this was what I read in the Holy Bible. and that all the things are also happening like that only.  Just observe the FOOD CHAIN on this earth, you can able to know the TRUTH. first HERBIVORES(Plants)<CARNIVORES(Animals )<OMNIVORES(Human Beings and some animals). This is what written in the Bible. this is why I'm believing in God.

And some people may say that I'm believing the GOD because I'm perceiving the things like that. But the TRUTH is though you are not perceiving nature like that, things will happen in the same manner however written in the Bible.

And why I'm writing this, because even in this pandemic also if we are depending on ourselves and on our energy and abilities, we can't protect or preserve ourselves. Our energy is always in a degrading pattern. by using our energy we succumbed to deaths. And we can't restore our young age by using our energy. this is what written in Bible. that's why I'm believing in god. And praying to God protect our country from the CORONA crisis. And I'm not telling you that go and pray Jesus. I'm suggesting you know the TRUTH. 

And I'm writing this because everyone wants to know this. And I'm not a devotee this is my interest and my responsibility. 

Why do Cyclones form?

What causes cyclone to form

Cyclone itself it's a natural phenomenon. The key sources to form a  cyclone are warm water and moist air.

Initially the sunlight heat the water like as when we dip the electric heating coil to heat a bucket of water. Then the upper water surface of oceans get heated. The heated water will become less denser when compared to the beneath layer. so it will start to evaporate as Steam. Evaporating means it leaves it's original place.  When it leaves it's original place there will be a vacant place, so the remained water layers tries to occupy the vacant place. Like this the escaped water vapour creates a low pressure. By the virtue of diffusion the water and air transfer from higher pressure region to lower pressure region. When evaporated water has risen to upwards it cools down by surrounded air. And it will reach the maximum holding capacity of moisture in it, we can call it is as saturated water vapour thermodynamically. Saturated water vapour means when it reach the maximum holding capacity of moisture, if it exceeds is maximum holding capacity it will condensed into water again and precipitate water in the form of rain. This process only we are calling formation of clouds.

What causes cyclone to spin?

Usually the Cyclones form at equator and tropics which are near to the equator. Because the temperatures at equator are very high. 

Fig.1 Cyclone formation

When the low pressured water vapour rises upward the surrounded air started to the travel towards the low pressured region in the straight lines. But these straight air stream lines deflected towards left  to the straight paths due to CORIOLIS EFFECT.

What is CORIOLIS EFFECT

It's a hypothetical, imaginary and fictious effect. It's due to spin or rotation of the earth. Due to spin of the earth the currents or flow lines air around the globe deflected right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere.

 

Fig.2 Deflection of currents

Fig.3 Deflection of currents to the left and right corresponding to their hemispheres by coriolis effect

Due to this effect only wind blow too far distances during the cyclone hit the nearby coast

References

Wikipedia

https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_currents/media/supp_cur04a.html

Eenadu Epaper

Engineering thermodynamics by cengel boles

At same boiling temperature of water potato gets softens but egg gets harder. Why?

Why does the same boiling water that softens the potato hardens the egg?

 

Potato and egg both are edible items. But each has different structure and stuff inside them. And when heat applied to them reacts differently by its structure and the nature of existence. 

Earlier to know the answer to the above question, we need to know two processes.

1. Starch Gelatinization

First we've to know that what is the starch? Starch or Amylum is an odourless, tasteless white substance occurring widely in plant tissue and obtained chiefly from cereals and potatoes. It is a polysaccharide which functions as a carbohydrate store and an important constituent of human diet. Usually we can see starch in the form of powder such as maize flour, corn flour, etc,.

Starch Gelatinization is a process of breaking down the intermolecular bonds of starch molecules, in the presence of water and heat.

There are three main processes will occur during heating the starch granules in the presence of water: Granule Swelling, crystallite or double helical melting and amylose leaching.

During heating, water is first absorbed in the amorphous space of starch, which leads to a swelling phenomenon.

 

Water then enters via amorphous regions into the tightly bound areas of double helical structures of amylopectin. At ambient temperatures these crystalline regions do not allow water to enter. Heat causes such regions to become diffuse, the amylose chains begin to dissolve, to separate into an amorphous form and the number and size of crystalline regions decreases. Under the microscope in polarized light starch loses its birefringence and its extinction cross. 

Penetration of water thus increases the randomness in the starch granule structure, and causes swelling; eventually amylose molecules leach into the surrounding water and the granule structure disintegrates.

The gelatinization temperature of starch depends upon plant type and the amount of water present, pH, types and concentration of salt, sugar, fat and protein in the recipe, as well as starch derivatisation technology are used.

Denaturation

The process that changes the physical and biological properties of proteins without affecting the chemical composition of a protein is called denaturation.

What are the changes will occur during boiling of potato and egg?

During the boiling of potato and egg, definitely changes will occur by the virtue of their structure and above processes.

Fig.1

Potato contains maximum of starch. So by the virtue of starch gelatinization, the starch granules will swell and absorb the water become very soft. And egg, egg has albumin protein in egg white. So by the virtue of denaturation of proteins, the protein albumin in the egg white undergoes denaturation and loss of solubility when the egg is cooked.

This is the reason why potato will become soft and egg gets hard when cooked.

I'm not comparing, but trying to reveal the fact behind this curious question.

References:

 Wikipedia

 YouTube

REVERSE TURBINE OR PUMP AS TURBINE

Reverse Turbine

Hi readers, are you thinking that what is reverse turbine?. Till now we've seen Francis turbine, Kaplan turbine, Steam turbine and Pelton wheel. But reverse turbine? It's also among all these turbines, and exactly to say, it's a Francis turbine. Let me explain how it's a Francis turbine.

To understand what is reverse turbine, first we've to know about how does a hydroelectric power plant works? 

How does a hydroelectric power plant works?

A hydroelectric power plant generates electricity by using potential energy of water. Water falls from certain elevation from turbine, technically we can call it as a head. The potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy and pressure will vary according to diameter of casing when water entered into the casing of turbine, in case of Francis turbine. Then water with high kinetic energy shows impact on blades of turbine. Then turbine started to rotate, which is coupled to generator or alternator. When turbine started to rotate, generator also rotate along with turbine. Then alternator will generate electricity by the virtue of Faraday's law of motor/generator. After that water leaves the casing of turbine and flow in its way. But in case of Kaplan turbine and Pelton wheel there is a small variation. 

Reverse turbine, its not a type of a turbine. It's a mode of operation of turbine. It's actually a Francis turbine. So guys to understand reverse turbine we need to know what exactly is a Francis turbine.

Fig. 1. Francis Turbine

Guys above image shows the how a typical Francis turbine works. Francis turbine is a type of reaction turbine. The blade structure of it make it react to the water strikes.

Fig. 2. Structure of blade

Guys I hope you understand the how does a Francis turbine works.  Now coming to reverse turbine.

Reverse turbine is as an act of Reverse pumping

Reverse turbine is a reverse operation of turbine. Why we need to rotate turbine in reverse direction. The water which is flow after turbine rotation, is going to waste in view of power generation. So in order to bring back this water we need to rotate turbine in reverse direction. The Francis turbine in reverse direction act as a centrifugal pump.  Centrifugal  pump is used to transport the water. So here turbine transport waste water again into water reservoir to upcoming needs.

Advantages of Reverse pumping / Reverse turbine

1. We can save the water

2. We can generate the more electricity

And you may rise doubt, that to pump water in reverse direction, how much energy is needed?. Yes we have to do always energy balance. The energy produced by alternator is always greater than energy required to rotate the turbine in reverse direction. So in Peak hours we can generate more energy when compare with other plants. And if there is less demand we can pump the water reverse to the reservoir.

Nagarjuna Sagar:The first reverse pumping hydroelectric powerplant in India

Nagarjuna Sagar is a masonry water dam built across the Krishna River in the border of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states. Operated by both states.

It has hydroelectric power plant capacity of 816MW.

Comprising of 8 units 

  1 * 110 MW Francis turbine,

  7 * 100.8 MW Reversible Francis Turbines.

PERFECT WRENCH TO REMOVE HEXAGONAL NUT

 Hi readers, usually we stuck with so many problems in our daily life. In those one of the main problem is repairs of mechanical things such as our two wheeler, bicycle, refrigerator, motor pump and etc,. Generally if we have any problem in the mentioned above, we don't consult technician immediately. Because we choose to solve it by ourselves though it is a time taking process. Some people may solve it quickly but for some people it may take prolonged hours. There are so many factors to time consumption. 

For example, if chain of our two wheeler got loosed, then we try to open the cover of chain. If we have the kit provided by company showroom we can remove easily by perfect wrench by trial and error method but if we lost that kit provided by company, first we need to determine perfect wrench size to remove the nut of particular bolt or else we need to consult technician. Or some people used to keep kit by their own. Then we need to know how to determine the perfect wrench size quickly. Before we going to know the solution we need to know some of terminology of bolt and nut.

Guys above image clearly explain the terminology of bolt. Now,

The perfect wrench size: How to determine it?

Guys now calculate the perfect wrench size by  measuring it's major diameter. To measure the major diameter we can use Vernier caliper or you can measure it roughly by inch marks of your fingers. 

Now the formulas is 1.5 times of major diameter.

 Mathematically 1.5*d.

For example M16 is the bolt size. M stands for metric and 16 stands for 16mm major diameter or body diameter. Now calculate the perfect wrench size to remove the nut from bolt.

1.5*16=24mm. So wrench size is 24mm.

Whatever the wrench size we got by above expression is equals to hexagonal head diameter of bolt or nut.

Like this we can find out for Allen bolts also.

Like as wrench for Allen bolt we need to find out Allen key it's also in known as hex key.

How to determine perfect Allen key ?

Here is the formula, Allen key size is equals to major diameter - 2.

Mathematically (d-2). This is general formula, not suitable all Allen keys.

For example M16 bolt Allen key size is equals to 14mm. Like this M8=6mm, M10=8mm, M12=10mm,M12=10mm, M14=12mm, M16=14mm. But some of these are different these are M3= 2.5mm, M4=3mm, M5= 4mm, M6=5mm, M16=14mm, M18=14mm, M20=17mm, M12=17mm, M14=19mm. Why like this means, these are according to ISO standards.

Conclusion

By using above two methods, we can find the perfect wrench size and Allen key size quickly. It may help to reduce the time to repair or own mechanical things at home. This is not for professional technicians. They knew wrench size perfectly by their practice. 

And if you know any methods except above two you can advice me through comments.

SCIENCE OF TREADS OF TYRES

Hi guys, have you ever observed the patterns on your tyres of bike or car? What we call those patterns? And what are the uses of these patterns?

  

The pattern which is appear on the tyre is called, TREAD. So why we've to discuss that?

Science behind the treads of tyre?

How would be the driving of vehicle during the rain on the roads? And in some places roads will become very muddy. Why I'm speaking about wet roads is, here is the tread will play crucial role.

The main job of tread is to expel or disperse the water away from the tyre on the wet road which is ahead of tyre surface, which can increase the contact between tyre and road to provide the grip and traction power.

Generally when driving on wet roads, the lump of water can built between the tyre and road surface. Which can cause the lose of steer of vehicle, then vehicle may slips on the road which again cause accidents. This phenomenon known as hydroplaning.

How to avoid Hydroplaning?

• Keep the tyre inflation properly
• We've to check the tread depth.  Deeper the groove, more the expelled water.

Legally in India the depth of tyre tread shouldn't fall below 1.6 mm. 

The minimum depth of tyre tread is 3 mm during all seasons for safety.

During winter and rainy seasons it is recommended to maintain 4 mm is minimum, in order to expel the snow and water.

We can measure the depth of tyre tread by using tyre guage accurately.

How a tread expel the water?

The above image clearly shows that how water is expelling through the tread.

Different types of treads.

1. Symmetric

 As it name indicates, this type of tread has same pattern on both halves of the tyre.

This type of treads we can find commonly.

It's suitable for passenger cars. But not for high performance.

It will give smooth driving.

High directional stability.

2. Asymmetric 

This design is different from each side. Exactly opposite to symmetric pattern. 

But each design will perform different task.

It will give greater performance diversity. And it will give high level performance on any kind of road surface.

3. Directional

A directional tread pattern designed to roll in only one direction. That's why we will see arrows on side walls pointing in the direction that tyre has to be mounted. And lateral grooves of both sides of the tyre point towards centre creating a V shape.

It will give super wet traction and hydroplaning resistance at high speeds.

ACRONYMS OF WATER DAMS?

Acronyms of TMC and CUSEC?

water dams,  a big source for irrigation and industrial applications to the any nation. And some times these are built as a precaution to divert the water flow in another path in order to stop the upcoming floods. And it attracts the people by its natural phenomena, that is the water discharged through its gates looks like a milky froth.

But have you think ever that how many litres of water can a dam hold? Or what exactly the unit to measure the storing capacity of a dam? 

Unit to measure the holding capacity of a dam?

Have you heard about the word TMC?. May be so many times. But what exactly it is?

What is TMC

TMC it's an acronym. Acronym of (Thousand

Million Cubic feet). It's the volume of dam. It can be used to measure the storing capacity of dam. But can a normal person understand it? That's based on individuals. TMC indicates the water which poured in a cube shaped pot. The cube height, breadth and length all are equal. If length is equals to one feet, then height and breadths also equals to one feet. Now this 1 cubic feet pot is multiplied by thousand (1000) and again it's multiplied by million (1000000). Now see the fully TMC(cubic feet pot * 1000 * 1000000).

     But can a non technical person understand the capacity of dam in tmcs. Or how many litres can 1tmc hold?. For that we've to convert cubic feet into cubic metre.

Let's start

Step 1: 

1feet = 0.3048 meters. 

Step 2: 

feet*feet*feet = 0.3048*0.3048*0.3048 cubic meter = 0.0283168466 cubic meter.

Step 3: 

0.3048*0.3048*0.3048 cubic meter multiplied by 1000 and again multiplied by 1000000

0.0283168466*1000*1000000 = 28316846.592 cubic meter. 

Step 4:

1 cubic meter volume can hold 1000 liters of water

Like as 28316846.592 cubic meter volume can hold 28316846.592*1000 = 28316846592 liters

So 1 TMC can hold 28316846592 liters of water.

 

CUSEC

And another one is CUSEC. it stands for CUbic feet per SECond. It's used to measure the discharge of water through gates of dam. like as earlier we've to convert cubic feet into cubic meter. 

Feet*feet*feet = 0.3048*0.3048*0.3048 = 0.028316846 cubic meter.

0.028316846*1000 = 28.316 liters/second